Violência na gestação: prevalência e perfil do agressor / Violence during pregnancy: prevalence and profile of the agressor

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer a prevalência de violência na gestação e caracterizar o perfil do agressor. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com entrevista a 195 puérperas internadas por meio de questionário adaptado e validado para investigar a violência doméstica. A análise foi realizada com o programa SPSS 16.0 de forma descritiva e bivariada, com o teste qui-quadrado e a razão de prevalência (IC95%). Resultados: A prevalência geral de violência na gestação foi de 49,2%, sendo que 95,8% foram perpetradas pelo parceiro íntimo. Caracterizaram-se três tipos de violência: psicológica (85%), física (13%) e sexual (2%). Quanto ao período, 41,7% dos casos ocorreram no 1o trimestre da gestação. Os fatores das participantes relacionados com a violência na gestação foram: não morar com sua família (p=0,001) e ter sofrido violência antes de engravidar (p=0,003). Os dados do companheiro relacionados com a violência na gestação foram: baixa escolaridade (p=0,018), uso de drogas (p=0,003), brigas contra terceiros (p<0,001) e entre o casal (p<0,001). Conclusão: O estudo estima uma prevalência de 49,2% de violência na gestação. Baixa escolaridade, uso de drogas, brigas contra terceiros e entre o casal são características do companheiro agressor.(AU)

Objective: The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of violence during pregnancy and characterize the profile of the aggressor. Methods: Cross-sectional study, with interviews of 195 women interned, through an adapted and validated questionnaire to investigate domestic violence. The analysis was performed with SPSS 16.0 for descriptive and bivariate, with the chi-square test and the prevalence ratio (CI95%). Results: The overall prevalence of violence during pregnancy was 49.2%, being 95.8% perpetrated by an intimate partner. It was characterized three types of violence: psychological (85%), physical (13%) and sexual (2%). As for the period, 41.7% of cases occurred in the first trimester of pregnancy. The factors of the participants related to violence during pregnancy were: not living with their family (p=0.001) and have suffered violence before pregnancy (p=0.003). Data from the partner related to violence during pregnancy were: low education (p=0.018), drug use (p=0.003), fights with other people (p<0.001) and between the couple (p<0.001). Conclusion: The study estimates a 49.2% prevalence of violence during pregnancy. Low education, drug use, fights against other people and between the couple are characteristics of the partner offender.(AU)

Structure of the Bacterial Community in Different Stages of Early Childhood Caries.

PURPOSE: To characterise in vivo the structure of bacterial communities in decayed and sound primary teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples of biofilms were collected from three groups of patients with complete and exclusively primary dentition (n = 45): G1: sound teeth (n = 15); G2: enamel lesion (n = 15); G3: dentin lesion (n = 15). DNA was extracted (CTAB 2%) from the biofilm, the partial 16S rRNA gene was amplified with Bacteria Universal Primers (BA338fGC - UN518r) and subjected to DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis). Multidimensional scaling and ANOSIM (analysis of similarity) were employed to determine the structure of the bacterial communities. The amplicon richness was determined by averaging amplicons, with the differences between treatments determined with ANOVA, while means were compared using Tukey's test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Compared to sound teeth, a greater variety of bacterial communities was found in decayed teeth. Despite the differences between the bacterial communities of sound teeth and decayed teeth, the Venn diagram showed that the samples had 38 amplicons in common. Greater amplicon richness was observed in samples of decayed teeth (enamel: 20.5 ± 2.7; dentin: 20.1 ± 2.8) compared with the sound samples (12.0 ± 4.3) (p <0.05), indicating enhanced growth for specific groups of bacteria on decayed teeth. CONCLUSION: Although there is less bacterial diversity on sound than ECC-decayed teeth, the bacterial communities are very similar.

Natal and neonatal teeth: two clinical cases report / Dentes natais e neonatais: relato de dois casos clínicos

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to report two cases of newborns with natal and neonatal teeth. Case 1 - a female child presented a natal tooth in the region of lower central incisors since birth. Mother's child reported a family history of this feature. Since the tooth did not present either mobility, prevent breastfeeding, cause discomfort to the child or hurt mother's breast, it was chosen for its maintenance and monitoring. Case 2 - a male child presented, during the first two weeks of life, the eruption of two neonatal teeth in the region of lower central incisors. During the interview, his mother reported no familiar history of this condition. Because the teeth has tapered edges, causing the Riga-Fede's disease, impairing breastfeeding, causing discomfort to the child and injuring the mother's breast, it was decided for its extraction. It may be concluded that the presence of natal and neonatal teeth represent a rare condition that requires further studies to confirm its etiology. Therapeutic approaches must be preceded by a careful clinical evaluation since, as it was seen in this report, both cases were submitted to different treatments showing good evolution.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar dois casos clínicos de recém-nascidos que apresentaram dentes natais e neonatais. Caso 1 - criança do gênero feminino, apresentou ao nascimento, um dente natal na região de incisivos centrais inferiores. Durante a anamnese, a mãe relatou histórico familiar desta alteração. Devido o elemento dentário não apresentar mobilidade, não impedir a amamentação, não causar desconforto à criança e não ferir a mama da mãe, optou-se pela sua manutenção e acompanhamento. Caso 2 - criança do gênero masculino, apresentou na primeira quinzena de vida, o irrompimento de dois dentes neonatais na região de incisivos centrais inferiores. Durante a anamnese, a mãe relatou não haver histórico familiar desta alteração. Devido a esses elementos dentários apresentarem bordas afiladas, causando a doença de Riga-Fede, comprometerem a amamentação, causarem desconforto à criança e ferirem a mama da mãe, optou-se pela sua exodontia. Conclui-se que a presença de dentes natais e neonatais é uma condição rara e mais estudos são necessários para se confirmar sua etiologia. As abordagens terapêuticas devem seguir uma criteriosa avaliação clínica, pois, como visto neste relato, os dois casos foram submetidos a diferentes tratamentos e ambos apresentaram boa evolução.

Application of 17% EDTA Enhances Diffusion of (45)Ca-labeled OH(-) and Ca(2+) in Primary Tooth Root Canal.

Proper cleaning of the root canal is key to the success of endodontic treatment as it allows more effective diffusion of medication throughout the dentinal tubules. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the efficacy of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in enhancing diffusion of hydroxyl (OH(-)) and calcium ions (Ca(2+)) throughout the root canal in primary teeth. The canals of 25 primary tooth roots were cleaned with endodontic files and 1% sodium hypochlorite. Three groups (G) were then established: GI, in which final irrigation was performed with 1% sodium hypochlorite; GII, in which 17% EDTA was used; and GIII, in which no irrigation was performed. The roots canals in GI and GII were filled with a calcium hydroxide-based paste labeled with the radioisotope calcium-45. Diffusion of OH(-) was detected with pH strips and Ca(2+) analyzed by measuring radioactivity in counts per min. Group II differed statistically from the other groups in diffusion of OH(-) at 24 hr (p<0.05), but no significant difference among groups was found at the day 7 evaluation; GII also differed statistically from the other groups in diffusion of Ca(2+) at 24 hr (p<0.05). These results suggest that application of 17% EDTA in primary tooth enhances diffusion of OH(-) and Ca(2+).

Knowledge of stem cells among Dentistry undergraduates

Introduction:Stem cells (SCs) enabled great advances in different health fields, including Dentistry. Objective: To investigate the knowledge of last year Dentistry undergraduate students regarding SCs and its applications. Material and methods: A questionnaire with open-ended questions was applied to the students, followed by qualitative-quantitative analysis involving the clustering of the answers. Results: The majority of students (70%) defined SCs adequately, only half of the interviewees (48.8%) were unable to classify SCs and just 26.2% classified it correctly. On the question about SCs from dental tissues, 77.5% reported it was possible and 70.9% knew which tissues could be used. The main source of knowledge was the media (36.4%), followed by the University (26.6%); 88.5% stated that the topic was only addressed in the first year of the course. Consequently, only 7.5% reported being capable of answering questions about it. Conclusion:The students are not receiving enough information about the topic.

Microbial reduction by two chemical-mechanical protocols in primary teeth with pulp necrosis and periradicular lesion - an in vivo study.

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of chemical-mechanical procedures of two endodontic protocols for septic content reduction of root canals from primary teeth with pulp necrosis and periradicular lesion. Twenty-four primary root canals with pulp necrosis and periradicular lesion were divided into two treatment groups (n=12): multiple-visit and single-visit protocols. Samples were collected using sterile paper points before and after endodontic cleaning followed by microbiological identification through checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Statistical analysis was performed using Proportion Test for score=0 comparing the findings before and after treatment for each group (Wilcoxon's test) as well as the differences in scores between protocols (Mann-Whitney's test) (p<0.05). Data were expressed as prevalence (presence or absence) and estimate of the average count (x10(5) cells) of each species. Differences in proportions of score=0 prior to treatment were non-significant (p=0.415), demonstrating equivalence between groups. A significant increase in score=0 was detected after treatment for both groups (p<0.0001). Single-visit protocol achieved a significantly greater reduction in mean scoring following endodontic treatment (p=0.024). Both protocols were capable of significantly reducing septic content in root canals of primary teeth with periradicular lesion. Moreover, single-visit protocol showed greater efficacy in reducing endodontic infection.

Knowledge of Human Genome Project among Dentistry undergraduates

Introduction: The Human Genome Project (HGP) has allowed for advances in diagnosis and prevention of diseases. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge of undergraduates from the Federal University of Santa Catarina, regarding HGP and its applicability. Material and methods: Thirty-one students were interviewed by using a questionnaire with open questions, followed by qualitative and quantitative analysis through answers' grouping. Results: Only 4.5% did not know HGP, while most of them (83%) demonstrated knowledge gained from the media. Only 21% cited the undergraduate program as a source of information, 56% recognized advances in disease prevention and 81% reported applicability in Dentistry. 97% students would give blood samples for research, 28% reported concern about misuse of this information, while 31% did not report any disadvantage. Conclusion: It may be concluded that the students have some knowledge on HGP. However, it is not widely discussed during course, because the media was the main source of information.

Analysis of microleakage of temporary restorative materials in primary teeth.

AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the coronal microleakage of restorative materials used between sessions of endodontic treatment in primary teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty healthy primary canines were chosen and randomly allocated to four groups: Group 1 - Cimpat Branco ® (n = 10), Group 2 - Bioplic ® (n = 10), Group 3 - Maxxion R ® glass ionomer cement (n = 10), and Group 4 (control) - Z350 ® composite resin (n = 10). Class V cavities were created and fillings carried out following the manufacturer's instructions. The teeth were submitted to thermocycling, sealed, and immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin solution for 24 h. The teeth were split along their long axis in the vestibulolingual direction and the tooth-restorative material interface was photographed. The percentage of microleakage was calculated using the ImageJ program. Data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) F-test and Bonferroni's t-test, with a 5% level of significance. RESULTS: The following mean percentages of microleakage were found: Group 1 = 16.08%, Group 2 = 46.98%, Group 3 = 47.93%, and Group 4 = 11.03%. Statistically, significant differences were found in the comparison of Groups 1 and 4 to Groups 2 and 3. CONCLUSION: Cimpat Branco ® had a lower percentage of microleakage in comparison to Bioplic ® and Maxxion R ® glass ionomer cement.

Microbial profile of root canals of primary teeth with pulp necrosis and periradicular lesion.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the microbial content of root canals of human primary teeth with pulp necrosis and periradicular lesion. METHODS: Microbial samples were collected from 24 canals of children treated at a pediatric dentistry clinic. Microbiological identification was performed using checker-board DNA-DNA hybridization for 40 different bacteria. Data were analyzed per canal based on the mean count and frequency of each bacterial species. RESULTS: Detectable levels of bacterial species were observed for 35 probes (88%). The most frequent bacteria were Fusobacterium nucleatum sp. nucleatum, Fusobacterium periodonticum, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella nigrescens, and Prevotella intermedia. Facultative species were identified in 20 root canals (83%), anaerobic species were identified in 24 root canals (100%), and aerobic species in 18 root canals (75%). Black-pigmented bacilli were found in 23 samples (96%). The number of different bacterial species detected per canal ranged from five to 33. CONCLUSION: Endodontic infection in primary teeth with pulp necrosis and periradicular lesion is multimicrobial, including aerobic, facultative, and anaerobic micro-organisms.

Microbial Reduction by Two Chemical-Mechanical Protocols in Primary Teeth with Pulp Necrosis and Periradicular Lesion - An In Vivo Study

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of chemical-mechanical procedures of two endodontic protocols for septic content reduction of root canals from primary teeth with pulp necrosis and periradicular lesion. Twenty-four primary root canals with pulp necrosis and periradicular lesion were divided into two treatment groups (n=12): multiple-visit and single-visit protocols. Samples were collected using sterile paper points before and after endodontic cleaning followed by microbiological identification through checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Statistical analysis was performed using Proportion Test for score=0 comparing the findings before and after treatment for each group (Wilcoxon's test) as well as the differences in scores between protocols (Mann-Whitney's test) (p<0.05). Data were expressed as prevalence (presence or absence) and estimate of the average count (x105 cells) of each species. Differences in proportions of score=0 prior to treatment were non-significant (p=0.415), demonstrating equivalence between groups. A significant increase in score=0 was detected after treatment for both groups (p<0.0001). Single-visit protocol achieved a significantly greater reduction in mean scoring following endodontic treatment (p=0.024). Both protocols were capable of significantly reducing septic content in root canals of primary teeth with periradicular lesion. Moreover, single-visit protocol showed greater efficacy in reducing endodontic infection.

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a eficácia das manobras químico-mecânicas de dois protocolos endodônticos, na redução do conteúdo séptico de canais radiculares de dentes decíduos com polpa necrosada e lesão perirradicular. Vinte e quatro canais radiculares decíduos com necrose pulpar e lesão perirradicular foram divididos em dois grupos de tratamento (n=12): multisessões e sessão única. Amostras foram coletadas usando pontas de papel estéreis, antes e após a limpeza endodôntica, seguido de identificação microbiológica por hibridização DNA-DNA checkerboard. A análise estatística foi realizada usando teste de proporções para escore=0, comparando os achados antes e após tratamento para cada grupo (teste de Wilcoxon) e as diferenças dos escores entre os protocolos (teste de Mann-Whitney) (p<0,05). Os dados foram expressos em prevalência (presença ou ausência) e contagem média (x105 células) de cada espécie. As diferenças nas proporções de escore=0 antes do tratamento não foram significativas (p=0,415), mostrando equivalência entre os grupos. Um aumento significativo de escore=0 foi detectado após o tratamento para ambos os grupos (p<0,0001). O protocolo de sessão única mostrou uma redução significativamente maior dos escores médios após o tratamento endodôntico (p=0,024). Ambos os protocolos são capazes de reduzir significativamente o conteúdo séptico de canais radiculares de dentes decíduos com lesão perirradicular. Entretanto, o protocolo de sessão única mostrou uma maior eficácia na redução da infecção endodôntica.

Desenvolvimento bucal e aleitamento materno em crianças com fissura labiopalatal / Oral development and breastfeeding in children with cleft lip and palate

OBJETIVO:Aspectos funcionais do estado de saúde bucal de crianças portadoras de fissuras de lábio e/ou palato interferem na capacidade natural de serem adequadamente alimentadas, como também em seu crescimento e desenvolvimento. Essa revisão visou verificar a influência do aleitamento materno sobre o desenvolvimento buco-maxilo-facial em crianças com fissuras labiais. FONTES DE DADOS: Revisão das bases de dados Medline e SciELO entre 2000 e 2010, utilizando os termos: "fenda labial", "fissura palatina", "aleitamento materno", "alimentação artificial" e "higiene bucal". As informações foram agrupadas, de modo a estabelecer a relação entre a amamentação natural e artificial no desenvolvimento bucofacial e estado de saúde bucal. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: A pesquisa inicial selecionou um total de 27.046 artigos, dos quais 26.793 abordaram o aleitamento materno e a alimentação artificial, 119 relacionavam a influência do aleitamento materno sobre o desenvolvimento bucofacial, enquanto 134 analisaram a relação entre a amamentação e o estado de saúde bucal. Foram selecionados para a análise 34 artigos, sendo 20 com crianças portadoras de fendas labiais e/ou fissuras palatinas. CONCLUSÕES: O aleitamento natural em crianças portadoras de fissuras de lábio e/ou palato é fator decisivo para a correta maturação e crescimento craniofacial em nível ósseo, muscular e funcional e na prevenção de problemas bucais. Além disso, essas crianças apresentam maior prevalência de cárie dental, problemas relacionados à doença periodontal, podendo ainda apresentar problemas de má oclusão.

OBJECTIVE:Functional aspects of oral health of children with cleft lip and/or palate interfere in their possibility of being naturally fed, as well as in their growth and development. This review aimed to verify the influence of breastfeeding on orofacial development of children with cleft lip and/or palate. DATA SOURCES: Data were obtained by literature search (2000-2010) of Medline and SciELO databases, using as key-words "cleft lip", "cleft palate", "breast feeding", "complementary feeding" and "oral hygiene". Information was grouped in order to establish the relationship between natural breastfeeding and complementary feeding with orofacial development and oral health status. DATA SYNTHESIS: Initial search retrieved 27,046 articles and in 26,793 of them, the subject was breastfeeding and complementary feeding. Among those, there were 119 about the influence of breastfeeding on orofacial development and 134 about the relationship between breastfeeding and oral health status; 34 articles were selected and in 20 children with cleft lip and/or palate were enrolled. CONCLUSIONS: Breastfeeding in children with cleft lip and/or palate is a decisive factor not only for correct craniofacial maturation and growth at bone, muscular and functional levels, but also for the prevention of oral problems. These children present higher prevalence of dental caries, periodontal diseases, as well as occlusion related problems.

Influência de fatores genéticos e ambientais no desenvolvimento da cavidade bucal: relato de caso de gêmeos bivitelinos / Influence of genetics and environmental factors on oral cavity development: a case report of twins

O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso clínico de gêmeos bivitelinos que apresentaram alterações semelhantes nas estruturas do sistema estomatognático. Os pacientes, com 3 anos e 6 meses de idade, foram atendidos na Clínica de Odontopediatria da UFSC, devido a traumatismos nos dentes 51 e 61 no menino e primeira consulta odontológica da menina. A mãe relatou que as crianças nunca haviam ido ao dentista antes e que os dois tinham o hábito de sucção de chupeta. Os irmãos apresentavam mordida aberta anterior e alterações generalizadas nas estruturas dentárias, diagnosticadas como hipoplasia de esmalte. Já na primeira consulta, foram repassadas orientações quanto às consequências do hábito no desenvolvimento craniofacial, bem como quanto à importância da sua interrupção. Em quinze dias foi realizada a exodontia dos elementos 51 e 61 do menino, e nessa consulta, a mãe relatou que ambos já haviam abandonado o hábito. Dois meses após a consulta inicial, foi possível observar redução significante da mordida aberta anterior, nas duas crianças. Os pacientes foram incluídos em um esquema de proservação, com consultas periódicas para acompanhar o fechamento da mordida e a troca dentária para a dentadura permanente, a qual também pode vir a apresentar comprometimento por alterações no esmalte.Conclui-se tratar de um caso de combinação de alterações morfológicas por influência do meio (uso de chupeta) e de alterações estruturais por influência genética (hipoplasia de esmalte).

The aim of this article is to report the case of dizygotic twins who presented similar alterations in their oral cavity. Patients were 3 years and 6 months old and attended the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic at UFSC because of dental trauma on 51 and 61 in the boy and for first visit to the dentist’s for the girl. Their mother reported the children had never visited the dentist’s before and that both had the habit of sucking pacifiers. The siblings presented anterior open bite and alterations in the dental structures diagnosed as enamel hypoplasia. During the first visit, orientations were given regarding the consequences of the use of pacifiers on the craniofacial development and it was recommended its interruption. Fifteen days after, it was performed the extraction of teeth 51 and 61 from the boy. In this same visit, the mother reported that both children had abandoned the sucking habit. Two months later, it was possible to observe a significant reduction in the open bite, on both children. The patients were included in a follow-up scheme, with regular and programmed visits, in order to evaluate the closing of their open bite and follow the eruption of the permanent teeth in the future, as it is known that the enamel alterations may show the same characteristics on the succedaneum teeth. It may be concluded that the cases reported here are combinations of morphological alterations as consequence of environmental factors (use of pacifiers) and structural alterations as genetic influence (enamel hypoplasia).

Apical fenestration and ectopic eruption - effects from trauma to primary tooth: a clinical case report.

The study describes a multidisciplinary treatment of fenestration in the apical of a primary maxillary right central incisor due a trauma and also its sequel, an ectopic eruption of the permanent maxillary right central incisor, on 7-year-old boy. Clinically, the primary tooth had an enamel and dentin fracture with no pulp exposure. There was an apical fenestration in the vestibular region, and the permanent tooth had an ectopic palatal eruption. The primary tooth was extracted, and for the physiological reposition of the permanent tooth, which was crossed with its antagonist, a Haas appliance was used for the rapid expansion of the maxilla for a period of 9 days.

Aceitação dos pais quanto ao uso do Diaminofluoreto de Prata em crianças de 0 a 3 anos de Cascavel/PR / Parental acceptance of the use of Diamine Silver Fluoride in children aged 0 to 3 years in the city of Cascavel, PR, Brazil

Objetivo: Avaliar a aceitação estética quanto ao uso do cariostático em pais de crianças de zero a três anos de idade, atendidas na Clínica de Bebês da UNIPAR, de Cascavel/PR. Método: Os 50 sujeitos foram divididos em dois grupos (n=25) e receberam um questionário referente a uma proposta de tratamento com cariostático em seu(sua) filho(a). O Grupo I não recebeu nenhuma informação sobre o procedimento, apenas visualizou uma foto com dentes submeti dos ao tratamento;já o Grupo II, além de visualizar a foto, foi informado sobre o tratamento. Os dados coletados foram analisados por porcentagem simples. Resultados: No Grupo I, 4% dos pais jamais aceitariam o tratamento proposto para os seus filhos; já no II, nenhum pai/mãe relatou não permiti r o tratamento com cariostático. Os resultados mostraram que, independente da informação (Grupo II - 60%) ou não (Grupo I - 44%) sobre o tratamento, os pais não se importaram que o resultado não fosse estético, desde que resolva o problema, por acreditarem que saúde é mais importante que estética. Conclusão: O uso do Diaminofluoreto de Prata foi aceito na amostra estudada, visto que, tanto os pais que não receberam orientação como os que receberam, consideraram que a estética não é um fator decisivo no momento da indicação do cariostático.

Objective: To evaluate the parent's esthetic acceptance of the use of the cariostatic agent diamine silver fluoride in children aged 0 to 3 years treated at UNIPAR's (State University of Paraná, Brazil) Baby Clinicin the city of Cascavel, PR, Brazil. Method: Fifty individuals were assigned to two groups (n=25) and were handed a questionnaire regarding a treatment proposal using a cariostatic agent (diamine silver fluoride) on their children. Group I did not receive instructions about the procedure, and only saw a picture of teeth after the treatment; Group II received instructions about the procedure and saw a picture of teeth after the treatment. The collected data were analyzed by plain percentage. Results: In Group I, 4% of the parents stated they would never accept the treatment proposed for their children; in Group II, no parent was against the cariostatic treatment. The results revealed that regardless of receiving information (60% in Group II) or not (44% in Group I) about the procedure, the parents did not care about the treatment being unaesthetic, as long as it solved the problem, as they believed that health is more important than esthetics. Conclusion: The use of diamine silver fluoride was approved by the studied sample, since both the informed and non-informed parents considered that esthetics is not a decisive factor for indication of the cariostatic agent.